(2016a), who measured emission-line lags in the H and Mgii emission lines in 15 of the brightest, relatively low-redshift sources in our sample using the rst year of SDSS-RM spectroscopy alone (i.e., no photometric data were used).Li et al. (2017) also measured composite RM lags using a low-luminosity subset and the rst year of spectroscopy. William Murphy et al, money. Robert Grier, pleads guilty. Wells Fargo Bank NA v. Hupp et al, order of magistrate. July 29, 2017 midnight MAHONING COUNTY COURTS.
Measurement of the distance to extragalactic objects is an important task. For objects at large distances the measurement of the redshift was frequently considered as the measurement of the distance but precision cosmology requires the knowledge of both the distance and the redshift.
The measurement of the distances to extragalactic objects was for years based on a carefully set subsequent steps of the cosmic ladder: direct distance measurement methods allowed to formulate scaling relations which then could be applied to more distant objects, and with a few such steps cosmological distances were achieved. The fundamental direct method of measuring the distance in astronomy is to measure the trigonometric parallax of a given source, reflecting the motion of the Earth around the Sun. Hipparcos mission measured parallaxes up to a few hundred parsecs, Hubble Space Telescope reached up to 5 kpc in dedicated observations. Now Gaia mission is collecting the data. It will cover with precisions of 10% a volume of radius 10 kpc, which encompasses (< 1%) of the stars in our Galaxy by number, but by volume is very large and will cover a large fraction of the Milky Way with reasonable accuracy. Parallaxes of the Cepheid stars, combined with measurements in nearby galaxies, calibrate the Leavitt Law for Cepheids, and Cepheids are accessible to 30 Mpc with the Hubble Space Telescope. Further out, SNe Ia calibrated with the help of the Cepheids take over, covering cosmological distances up to the redshift (sim 2). This method replaced older methods of covering most distant part of the ladder, like Tully-Fisher relation.
Modern astronomy still strongly relies on indirect measurements which in turn rely in some intermediate steps but in the aim to meet expectations of the precision cosmology the intermediate steps are refined, new shortcut developed and some of the basically indirect methods might be potentially used as direct methods under some physically well motivated assumptions. In the Local Group the use of the eclipsing binary stars allows to skip the step of the parallax measurement. A very important direct distance measurement is possible for the spatially resolved water maser in the galaxy NGC 4258. The impressive jump directly to very large distances opened with observations of gravitational lensing of quasars and the measurement of the time delays between the quasar images which allows their use as a ruler. Another direct method can be applied to galaxy clusters. This method uses the Sunyeav-Zeldovich effect. Extremely important direct methods are the Barion Acoustic Oscillation method and the observations of the fluctuations of the Cosmic Microwave Background. In both cases the (statistical) analysis of the sizes of the fluctuations allows to get directly the cosmological constraints. Another statistical method to obtain the cosmological constraints is gravitational lensing. Now, with firm detection of gravitational waves, the possibility of the direct determination of the distance to the gravitational wave source from the shape of its signal also gains importance. All these methods are described below.
We do not follow the strict definition of indirect method but in this section we concentrate on predominantly indirect methods which can be applied to single specific extragalactic objects like supernovae, galaxies, galaxy clusters, active galaxies or gamma-ray bursts. Global statistical methods, including the results based on the Cosmic Microwave Background, will be discussed in a separate Chapter. We also do not include in this Chapter strong gravitational lensing since it will be more natural to address this issue in the Chapter where weak lensing is discussed.
We outline the methods shortly, with references to the basic books or reviews, and we concentrate on most recent developments in the field. Whenever possible, we discuss the issue of the method cross-calibrations.
The order of the methods’ presentation is roughly adjusted to their past and current popularity and role in astronomy, but not necessarily reflects their potential for development in the near future.
Grier in October 2015 | |
Born | December 28, 1997 (age 21) |
---|---|
Residence | Los Angeles, California, U.S.[1] |
Education | Davidson Day School |
Known for | Vine videos |
Website | www.nashgrier.com |
Hamilton Nash Grier (born December 28, 1997) is an American Internet personality. He became known for his online videos on the now-defunct video sharing service Vine in early 2013.[2]
Early life[edit]
Hamilton Nash Grier was born and raised in North Carolina by mother Elizabeth Floyd and father Chad Grier, who is now one of his managers.[3] He is the second-oldest child with an older brother, Will Grier, a footballquarterback who was drafted by the Carolina Panthers in the 2019 NFL Draft; a younger brother, Hayes, who also posted vines; and a younger half-sister, Skylynn, whom his mother had with her current husband, John Floyd.[4]
Nash Grier was a freshman at Davidson Day School when the mobile app Vine was released, a social media platform which allows users to post looping 6-second videos for others to view. Grier began to post comedy-related videos for friends and classmates and quickly amassed a wider fanbase.[5]
Career[edit]
Shortly after Grier's rise to Internet fame, he joined the touring group Magcon (Meet and Greet Convention), a convention where fans could meet and interact with Internet personalities. There were multiple shows in the major cities of the U.S. between 2013 and 2014. Other Vine celebrities on the tour included Cameron Dallas, whom he met over the app, Matthew Espinosa, Jack Gilinsky, Jack Johnson, Aaron Carpenter, Taylor Caniff, Shawn Mendes, Jacob Whitesides, Carter Reynolds, Mahogany Lox, and his brother Hayes Grier. In early 2014, Grier along with a few other members quit Magcon as they felt that it limited their future careers and were interested in pursuing other goals.[6] In summer of 2014 at 16 years of age, Grier moved to Los Angeles where he bought his first apartment with Dallas[7] so they could be closer to their management (26MGMT)[8] and to also pursue careers in acting. The two along with their photographer Bryant Eslava lived there for nine months until they were evicted.[citation needed] Grier currently lives in a new house located in Beverly Hills.[citation needed] After moving to California, Grier started online schooling to complete his high school education which he has recently graduated from.[citation needed]
In April 2013, Grier posted a Vine in which he said, 'Yes, it is! Fag!' in response to an OraQuick at-home oral HIV test ad which stated, 'Testing for HIV... It's not a gay thing.'[9][10][11][12][13] Grier later deleted the vine but a recording of it resurfaced in July 2014 and Grier faced renewed scrutiny.[9][14] Grier posted an apology on Twitter noting that he was 'young, ignorant, stupid and in a bad place. I've moved on and learned from my mistakes and I am so truly sorry to anyone I have offended.'[15]
Grier and other members of his management have released mobile games and social media apps including Cash Dash, Mobli, and Challenged.[16] Grier has his own website where fans can buy his merchandise as well as an Aéropostale clothing line called 'UnitedXXVI,' designed in part by Grier, Dallas, and younger brother Hayes.[17]Aéropostale faced backlash for partnering with Grier due to his earlier controversies.[18][19][20]BuzzFeed News noted 'the backlash highlights the challenges brands face in working with today’s new breed of celebrity in a supremely competitive landscape.'[21]
Grier has stated that he is mostly self-taught on how to edit videos, and his 'apparent spontaneity' is actually shrewdly crafted and scripted, with clips refilmed many times and sometimes edited for hours.[22] As of May 2016, Nash has over 12.7 million Vine followers,[23] 4.78 million subscribers on his YouTube channel,[24] 4.8 million Twitter followers[25] and over 9.1 million followers on his Instagram account.[26] His second Vine account, 'Nash Grier 2', where he posts less scripted videos, has more than 2.4 million followers.[27] Grier's management has confirmed that major brands will pay Grier anywhere between $25,000–$100,000 to advertise their products in his Vines.[5] Because of his popularity, Grier has appeared on various news shows including Good Morning America[28][29] and The View.[30]
Grier's first major acting role was in Fullscreen's The Outfield, which premiered November 10, 2015, worldwide on the iTunes Store.[31][32] He also directed a music video for singer Bera called 'I Look Good On You' which was released on Grier's YouTube Channel.[33] In 2017, Grier appeared in You Get Me with co-star Bella Thorne.[34]
Personal life[edit]
Grier is engaged to Taylor Giavasis, whom he has dated since 2015. In April 2019, the couple announced that they are expecting a child.[35]
Filmography[edit]
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
2014 | 'Mmm Yeah' by Austin Mahone | Himself | Lyric video |
2014 | 'Work For It' by Poo Bear | Himself | Music video |
2014 | 'Blank Space Parody' by Bart Baker | Taylor Swift's boyfriend | Featured in video |
2014 | 'Anaconda Parody' by Bart Baker | Safari Dude | Featured in video |
2015 | 'I Look Good On You' by Bera | Himself | Featured in video as well as directed |
2015 | The Outfield | Jack Sanders | premiered November 10, 2015 |
2016 | The Deleted | Ryder | TV series[36][37] |
2017 | You Get Me | Gil | Netflix Film[34] |
References[edit]
- ^https://twitter.com/Nashgrier
- ^Grier, Nash (February 3, 2014). 'Ask Nash'. Nash Grier YouTube channel. Event occurs at 2:38. Retrieved August 8, 2014.
How old are you? Sixteen years of age, born December 28, 1997.
- ^'Magcon Ending'. YouTube. Nash Grier. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
- ^grier, nash. 'MEET MY SISTER - Nash Grier'. YouTube. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
- ^ abGrier, Nash. 'Here's the full story about the vine i made'. HuffingtonPost. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
- ^Grier, Nash. 'Magcon Ending'. YouTube. Nash Grier. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
- ^Dallas, Cameron. 'ROOM TOUR!!!'. YouTube. Cameron Dallas. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
- ^'Nash Grier'. Celebrity and talent management. 26MGMT. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
- ^ ab'Nash Grier, Vine's Most-Followed User, Slammed for Homophobic Slur: VIDEO| Gay News'. Towleroad.com. July 8, 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
- ^'Nash Grier vs. Justin Bieber on Vine'. OSM. Online Social Media. July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- ^Schroeder, Audra (July 8, 2014). 'Vine star Nash Grier under fire for homophobic comments'. The Daily Dot. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
- ^Badash, David (July 8, 2014). 'Top Social Media Star Says Only Gays Get HIV – Calls Them 'F*gs''. New Civil Rights Movement. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
- ^Jeffery, Hannah; Doss Helms, Ann (July 8, 2014). 'Vine star Nash Grier faces criticism for screaming homophobic slur'. Carlotte Observer. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
- ^Broderick, David (July 8, 2014). '16-Year-Old Vine Celebrity Nash Grier Uploaded And Deleted A Video Saying Only Gay People Get HIV'. BuzzFeed. BuzzFeed. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- ^Jaworski, Michelle (July 8, 2014). 'Vine star Nash Grier under fire for homophobic comments'. Dailydot.com. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
- ^'Top Viners Lanch CashDash Game'. Whats Trending. Whats Trending. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
- ^Kowalski, Kristine Hope. 'Nash Grier dishes on new aeropostale collection'. Twist. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
- ^Hilton, Perez. 'Aeropostale Hires Known Homophobic Vine Star As One Of The Faces/Designers Of Their New Line! WTF!'. Perez Hilton. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
- ^Kazimierska, Marika. 'Shoppers Outraged With Aeropostale For Hiring Homophobic And Racist Social Media Star'. Design & Trend. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
- ^Votta, Rae. 'Aeropostale's Nash Grier partnership is going over about as well as you'd expect'. Daily Dot. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
- ^Maheshwari, Sapna. 'Aeropostale Hires Nash Grier, Vine Star With History Of Anti-Gay Tweets'. BuzzFeed News. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
- ^Bosker, Bianca. '16 and famous'. The Huffington Post.
- ^Grier, Nash. 'Nash Grier'. Vine. Nash Grier. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
- ^'Nash Grier'. YouTube. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
- ^Grier, Nash. 'Nash Grier'. Twitter. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
- ^Grier, Nash. 'Nash Grier'. Instagram. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
- ^'Nash Grier 2's profile'. Vine. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
- ^'Nash and Cam on Good Morning America!'. 26MGMT.com. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
- ^'GMA Live! (4.30.14)'. Good Morning America/Yahoo! News. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
- ^View, The. 'Vine on 'The View' Nash Video'. The View. The View. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
- ^Malach, Maggie. 'First look at Nash Grier + Cameron Dallas' Movie The Outfield'. Popcrush.
- ^Outfield, The. 'Snyopis'. outfieldmovie.com. Fullscreen. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
- ^Grier, Nash. 'I Look Good on You'. YouTube.
- ^ abAdams, Cher (April 20, 2016). 'Bella Thorne Locks Lips with Costar Nash Grier on Set of You Get Me'. People. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
- ^Morin, Alyssa (April 19, 2019). 'YouTube Star Nash Grier Is Expecting His First Child'. E! News. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
- ^Jarvey, Natalie (August 2, 2016). 'Bret Easton Ellis Cult Thriller 'The Deleted' Casts Vine Star Nash Grier'. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- ^Petski, Denise (August 8, 2016). ''Orange Is The New Black's Madeline Brewer Among Seven Cast In Bret Easton Ellis' 'The Deleted''. Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
External links[edit]
- Official website